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- $Unique_ID{BRK01966}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Additives: Why are They in Food?}
- $Subject{additive Additives Food health healthy definition definitions
- aspartame direct indirect Food Drug Administration FDA pectin glycerine
- carrageenan vitamin Vitamins A D Ascorbic Acid thiamine niacin propionic acid
- butylated hydroxytoluene BHT benzoate benzoates butylated hydroxyanisole BHA
- artificial artificially natural naturally certify certified exempt Color prior
- sanction sanctioned substance substances sodium nitrite potassium GRAS
- Generally Recognized Safe prepare prepared label labeled labeling}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
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- Copyright (c) 1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- Additives: Why are They in Food?
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- QUESTION: I bought some food in a health store recently. The sales person
- was most insistent and informed me on several occasions that there were no
- "additives" in the product I purchased. I have seen this noted on other
- labels as well, but I have never given it much thought before. What are these
- "additives" and why are they in the food? Are they dangerous? I hope you
- will be able to dedicate some space to answering this important question in
- your column in the near future.
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-
- ANSWER: Though there are many definitions of the exact nature of food
- additives, in a real sense, anything that is added to a food is a food
- additive. In some cases these substances are mixed with the food for a
- specific purpose, such as aspartame to sweeten the food, and is called a
- "direct additive". In some cases a material is used in processing or
- packaging the food, and small, trace amounts may enter the food during the
- storage period. These are called "indirect food additives". All additives,
- direct or indirect, are subject to approval by the Food and Drug
- Administration (FDA) and must be shown to be safe before they can be used.
- They can be used for a number of reasons, and additives can be found in all
- types of prepared food. Here are some examples. Additives such as pectin,
- glycerine, and carrageenan can be used to give or maintain a certain
- consistency or texture to the food. They may be found in baked goods, cake
- mixes, ice cream and processed cheese. In some cases they are used to improve
- the nutritive value of the food. Vitamins such as A and D, Ascorbic Acid,
- thiamine and niacin are used in flour, pasta, biscuits and gelatin desserts.
- Even yeast and sodium bicarbonate are considered to be additives when used to
- produce a light texture in bread, crackers and cookies. To enhance flavors,
- cloves, ginger, and caramel are used in jams and confections, and they too
- are additives. Perhaps the additives you are most concerned with are used to
- maintain the freshness and taste of certain foods. They include propionic
- acid, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), benzoates and butylated hydroxyanisole
- (BHA), and are found in margarine, potato chips, breads, crackers and cheeses.
- All additives are considered to be safe, whether they come from natural
- sources or are produced artificially. They are more closely regulated now
- than in any time in history and as science produces new possibilities they too
- are evaluated before sanctioned by the FDA for use in foods. Most recently,
- newly developed products were approved to replace the fats used in preparing
- some foods.
- Color additives are divided into two classes, "certified" or "exempt from
- certification". Certified food colors are man-made and must pass strict
- specifications for purity. Exempt additives are made from natural sources,
- such as vegetables. Caramel color is made from sugar, and can be used in
- sauces, gravies and soft drinks. Color additives are often used to offset
- color loss in foods due to processing, or to correct natural variations in
- food color.
- Some additives are known as "prior sanctioned substances" for they were
- determined to be safe before the law about additives was passed in 1958.
- These include sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite used to preserve certain
- luncheon meat products. Another category of additives that are not regulated
- are called GRAS substances (Generally Recognized As Safe). These substances
- have been in use for long periods time and have scientifically documented
- histories of safety. This classification includes salt, sugar, spices and
- vitamins. If new evidence suggests that any additive may be unsafe, the FDA
- can, and does, prohibit its use.
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- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-